Water is a transparent, tasteless, odourless and nearly colourless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms. It is vital for all known forms of life, even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients. Water quality of the Thuraiyur block was assessed to understand the contamination processes due to the presence of various contaminant sources and the suitability of ground water for drinking, agricultural, domestic and other purposes. Surface water and ground water samples were collected during 2019 at 15 different locations of Thuraiyur block of Tiruchirappalli Districtof Tamilnadu state of India. Their physico-chemical parameters like colour, odour, turbidity, TDS, EC, pH, TA, TH, Ca 2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Na+, K+, Mn2+, SO 42-&PO 4 2- were assessed. The results were compared with the drinking water guidelines of Indian Standard (IS) in order to understand its suitability for drinking, purpose. Water quality index rating was calculated to quantify the overall water quality for human consumption. Watersuitability for irrigation purposes evaluated by various methods such as Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (Na %), Kelly’s Ratio (KR), Potential Salinity (PS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Electrical conductivity (EC). The majority of the samples were suitable for drinking, irrigation and domestic purposes in the study area.  , NH 3 +,NO 3 -, Cl-, F-